Print Media Industry Worksheet Essay

In Parts A and B, respond to each question using complete sentences, in a paragraph of at least 100 words. Be clear and concise, and explain your answers. Cite any outside sources consistent with APA guidelines. In Part C, respond to each of the statements with a specific example or an explanation; use complete sentences as needed. Part A: Historical and contemporary role of the print media industry Choose one of the following two topics: the feminist movement (women’s liberation) or public education. Answer the following questions about the relationship between your topic, the print media industry, and American society. Provide specific examples and cite at least three professional publications or articles. 1. How has the print media industry historically treated your selected topic (feminism or public education)? How does the print media industry treat that topic today? Throughout time, the feminist movement has brought attention that has been demeaning ( Bronstein, 2005). With women’s liberation, came controversial issues and the issues were then brought to mainstream media. Consistent awareness has been made, yet there is still a certain stigma that holds onto the feminist movement, even currently. Mass media has never been very good to women and there has always been hostile and inaccurate statements that emerged in media. Women’s goals have been misinterpreted and most people fail to see the difference in their values, ideas, and goals helping with the movement. Even currently, when looking at women in media, it is generally not an accurate outlook. They have made it seem a person needs to be stick thin, perfect hair, lips, and body, and if they aren’t then the re is something wrong with them. 2. How has the print media industry helped drive improvements and public awareness of your selected topic? Has the media perpetuated any drawbacks,  controversies, or scandals surrounding this topic? Women are out in the media now more than ever. Media has had a huge involvement with this, whether it be negative or positive for them. Women’s public profile has not led to equality or an end to oppression (Graham, 2003). There is a more openness about sexuality, as well as, body exploitation. Body obsession has become more and more common over the years. Everywhere women look, there are advertisements about body images and what they need to do or should do to make themselves fit in and be beautiful. Women also have the idea drilled into their heads that they are not as equally worth what men are, even to this day. Women still get put into certain jobs and are not paid that the men are. People still seem to not think there is anything wrong in that situation. 3. What role has the print media industry played throughout the history of this topic? Do you think the current role of the print media is the same as it was in the 1800s and 1900s? Why or why not? Women used to have to write their own history because it simply wasn’t included with all the others. The Women’s Liberation Movement helped to shape exactly what the movement was. It used the press to promote issues and used the media’s own commercial and professional interests in giving the movement attention. On the other hand, the media was an outlet for those to demean and defeat the women’s movements and made their achievements look small. Part B: The influence of new technology on the print media industry For each print media industry—books, newspapers, and magazines—answer the following questions: 1. How has the development of the Internet, wireless communication, computers, and hand-held digital devices affected print media companies’ products and sales? With the use of hand-held devices, computers, and the Internet, printed materials like newspapers, books, and magazines, has diminished greatly. You don’t hear people often say they are going out to the store to buy one of these things. Most people now just get on their cell phone or computers and have the desired article at their fingertips. Online  publications have risen in sales, but the actual printed material has gone down drastically in the past few years. Also, with having these items at your own disposal you don’t have to store papers or have a place to put them if you wanted to save them. You can simply add it to your favorites or download it in seconds. 2. What changes have print media companies made to incorporate new technology into their traditional products? Have these changes been successful or unsuccessful? Why? Technology companies have released applications and software that help people to read the newspaper or magazine easier as if they were literally holding it in their hands. They help readers to go back and forth between stories, view picture galleries, and the consumer can download the article they desire for later use. As the story changes, so does the version the person downloaded on their device. They have been successful because you can see it in the numbers lowering on printed publications and rising on online items. People want things at the speed of light. They don’t want to have to walk or drive to the store to read the day’s new and by the time they get it, it is old news. 3. How have consumers reacted to these changes? Consumers have reacted to these changes in different ways. People who are stuck in their ways may not want to change and like their daily printed newspaper. Some people still want to hold the magazine or newspaper in their hand. Others, would prefer to have at a glance things and have them on their phones or computers. People are on the go and they want every single aspect of their lives to be that way. Part C: Major publications in the print media industry Books Newspapers Magazines How many total publications are sold annually in each print media industry? About 175,000 books are published every year. That equals out to about 479 books each day. In 2013 about 22,315 newspapers, printed and online, were  sold. Digital editions of magazines have sold around 5.4 million copies. Hard copies sold around 346.5 million annually. What are the major ownership chains in each print media industry? Major ownership chains are Random House, Pearson, Hatchette, and Harper Collins. Gannett, Knight-Ridder, Newhouse and Times Mirror are the top four major chains in newspaper publication. Time Warner, Gemstar International Group, and Thompson Multimedia are all three large chains of magazine publishers. List three major publications in each print media industry. The 50 Shades of Grey, Twilight Saga, and the Harry Potter books are major publications. Some of the largest publications are The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Chicago Tribune. There are three leading weekly magazines. They are Time, Newsweek and U.S. News and World Report. For each of the three major publications you listed, identify the target audience. For the 50 Shades of Gray it would be 18 and over. For the Twilight Saga and Harry Potter books are for tweens and teenagers, but adults read them, as well. These newspapers are generally directed toward adult audiences. Children and young adults can read them, but that is not who they are targeted for. The same as the newspapers mentioned, these magazines are for adults, generally. They are informative and deal with business mostly. For each of the three major publications you listed, describe the unique writing style. What makes each publication stand out in the marketplace? 50 Shades of Grey is written for women. It is along the lines of being pornographic. It is very detailed and visual. The Twilight are repetitive and boring when describing things so in depth when they don’t need to be. The Harry Potter books are very descriptive, yet simple. They were easy to read and kept you entertained. The newspapers listed have a writing style of using honorifics instead of last names. There is no Major headline and the most important story goes in the top-right column, on the main page. The L.A. Times has a â€Å"column One† which is a feature that appears daily on the front page to the left side. The Chicago Tribune goes along the lines of the L.A. Times, which is their parent company. Time Magazine has changed their  red border to promote stories, enlarged column titles, reduced the number of featured stories, increased white space around articles, and added in photos. The writing styles of the other two magazines provide a strong reputation for accurate, brisk, and vivid reporting of news events. For each of the three major publications you listed, describe the publishing trends. How is each publication changing in response to today’s cultural, political, or technological climate? Readers everywhere were turned on by 50 Shades of Grey. They devoured the erotic romance and new author and publishers ate it up with re-makes that resembled these books. Twilight and Harry Potter went just as fast trending. Tweens and teens had it advertised in their faces everywhere. Publishing on newspapers has decreased over the years. With things like the Internet and having hand held devices, printed material has taken a big hit. Magazines, along with newspapers, have trends like buying subscriptions to make money, using multimedia, and micropublishing. Micropublishing will eventually stand out, becoming more important and prevalent. References Bronstein, C. (2005, Winter). Representing the third wave: mainstream print media framing of a new feminist movement. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(4), 783. Media Bias. (2009, December 28). Issues & Controversies On File, n. pag. Retrieved January 29, 2010, from Issues & Controversies database. German, L. (2003, Winter). Women’s Liberation Today. INTERNATIONAL SOCIALISM JOURNAL, 101().

Home of the Underdogs: A Great Educational Website Essay

In a website called Home of the Underdogs (http://www. the-underdogs. info/genre. php? name=Education&subgen=Language), there is an education genre where Language is one of the subgenres apart from Advanced Education, Arts or Literature, Early Childhood, General Knowledge, Math or Logic, Music, Problem Solving, Science, Social Studies, Typing or Writing, and Various Subjects (Home of the Underdogs, 2004). The Language section has great stuffs to use, such as Alf’s World of Words, Letter-Go-Round, Lingua Match, Mind Castle: Spell of the Word Wizard, and Reader Rabbit among others. There are exactly 18 Language games to choose from. If we add the other games in the other subgenres under the genre ‘Education’, then we would come to approximately 250 games all in all, and that is very helpful when teaching kids that are at least 3 years of age. The contents of this could be used when preparing a lesson plan like, for example, when preparing games or activities that can be drawn on the blackboard during discussion. We can apply Reader Rabbit, for example, by drawing a picture at the center and then spelling out three easy-to-read words (only 3 letters) beside the picture. There would be a clue above the picture on which letter it starts from, and by that the initial sound of that one letter can be read out loud. It would be good to read the three words that are beside the picture as well, so as to train them on the skill of reading. This is the same with Reader Rabbit’s game called ‘picture labeler’. There are three others that can be used as well: word sorter, word train, and memory game (Home of the Underdogs, 2004). Reader Rabbit is great for kids who are from 3-7 years of age, since it teaches them the skill of reading and spelling words. The word train, on the other hand, can be used by drawing a picture and a train that carries with it a couple of words that are almost the same. There are just so many in that website that can be used for preparing specific lessons for the kids.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians' such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, experiences and memories. 2. )The Human mind is divided into three ‘parts'(not physically): Conscious, Pre-conscious and Subcon scious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we are currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we are aware about but which are not the subject of our attention and finally the subconscious is where we have little control or awareness about the processes or emotions, i. e. , is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal' and is the source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the ‘reality principle', it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super ego refers to how we perceive ourselves and our moral and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the constraints and limitations of the real world. 4. )Huma n impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious mind meets psychological resistance, i. e. , when certain emotions are ‘repressed' and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is done through ‘defence mechanisms'. Psychoanalysis and Childhood Development Psyschoanalytical theory has been an influential concept for explaining the development of an individual's personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freud's Psychosexual Development theory and Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory. It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend great significance to childhood environmen t and it can be said that psychoanalytical approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkison's Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freud's Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individual's lifetime.Erikson's theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity' which may be explained as the individual's perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge' which arises through differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality. However the resolution of conflict is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next stage.The eight stages of Erikson's theory are outlined below: a. )First Stage: Starting from birth and lasti ng for one year, this stage involves the conflict between Trust and Mistrust, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his outlook towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b. )Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the child's personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and shame in the child. . )Third Stage: Seen in children of age three to si x, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children rapidly acquire new skills and knowledge, they are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and grammatical abilities, performing complex tasks which grant increased self-sufficiency and mastery of the world. At this age the child's motivation for action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a purpose with the tasks he ndertakes, successful resolution of this stage leads to a sense of initiative and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are too complex or not yielding positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or undermine this newfound motivation of the child he develops a sense of guilt regarding his feelings and urges for getting involved in various actions and tasks. d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children be come familiar with and learn about technology and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†. Successful resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of industrious qualities; however failure to achieve a sense of productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage: Spanning from thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage: Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.The main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair. If the individual is able to look at the life he has led and feel accomplished then he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Erikson's theory, Psychosexual Development postulates adult personality being determined only from heredity or past childhood experiences and memories. Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas â€Å"fixation† at a particular stage, i. e. , getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b. )Anal Stage: This stage st ars from age to and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet training becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children becoming confident and productive whereas too lenient or too harsh training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage: Lasting from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalisation of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future. d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.References: 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), â€Å"Generativity versus stagna tion: An elaboration of Erikson's adult stage of human development†, Journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956). â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E. (1966). â€Å"Development and validation of ego identity status†. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3: 551–558.

Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Quality Management - Essay Example TQM has become part of the organizational culture within the operational environment of the business organization. For instance within the administrative setup of the prison organization, a number of departments interact on a daily basis. As much as a manufacturing or a service organization produces and sells a product for profits, the prison is an organization that delivers a service to the community though the community might not pay directly for the service. Theoretically the concept of TQM has three major principles such as satisfaction of the customer; satisfaction of the supplier; and continuous improvement. The first and major principle of TQM is to satisfy the customer who purchases the product or service. In fact customers always seek value for money when they buy a product or service (Stasiowski, & Burstein, 1993). Thus there are main sub categories under the first principle, i.e. users, company philosophy, internal customers and chain of customers. In the first instance user of the service can be different from the purchaser and therefore both the user and the customer must be satisfied. In the case of the prison management the service rendered to the society at large by efficiently managing the prison would be articulated in terms of the benefits that accrue to the society through such efficient management. For instance a continuous improvement in the quality of the service means that troubles and tribulations of all stakeholde rs including prisoners themselves would be reduced.In the internal organizational context of a prison quality improvement of service would reduce stress on employees and the general administration would improve to reduce the burden on the management. Thus the second sub-principle is centered on repeat sales to customers under TQM. In the prison management context, TQM enables the management to reduce internal conflicts that arise from friction between the management and prisoners. This must be the philosophy of the prison organization.Internal customers' satisfaction is the next sub principle under customer satisfaction is very important in the context of the prison management because managers onwards act as internal customers of services provided by employees. Minor offenders who are spending very short terms in the jail can be enrolled to provide their labor in respect of some services. For example gardeners and office peons are often those minor offenders who might be paid or not for their service (Pilgrim, & Smith, 2000). Customers of such service are primarily the departmental heads such as the meals department. The head of the meals department might co-opt the services of prisoners to clean and cut vegetables, fish and meat. Thus departmental heads might be satisfies with such labor if the latter is performed under efficient management conditions.TQM refers to the chain of customers as a sub category under the main principle of customer satisfaction. In the context of the prison management it is possible to discuss about the existence of an element of customers who purchase prison produce such as handlooms, farm products and agricultural produce made by prisoners. However it depends on the nature of the prison and the prisoners. For example murder convicts and similar major offenders are less likely to be employed on

Have Information Systems Affected Competition Essay

Have Information Systems Affected Competition - Essay Example Helped by constant development and changes, information systems currently control the key operations in the business world from production, sales, processing and even marketing. However, it is important that any business intending to employ the use of this technology understand its implications in full, especially, its influence to output and resultant profits. When the issues are fully understood, organizations require tools to necessitate the implementation of the information systems technology. This should be in a manner that will enable them increase their strategy in competition within their market (Bogetoft & Olesen, 2000).   One way in which many organizations have viewed information systems over the years is through a pyramid that would show a certain hierarchy that is observed in the organizations. At the bottom are the systems involving transaction processing, systems used to manage information systems follows closely, above this are systems that support decision making a nd the highest ranked are the systems that are used to save executive information. This was the most rudimentary organization, yet the level of organization it brought to a company enabled it to grow and prosper than its competitors. In the recent contexts, there have been new technologies that have changed the basic framework to encompass the changes in the contemporary business environment. Some of the new improvements are enterprise systems, global information system (GIS), and enterprise planning using resource departments, data warehouses, global information systems (GIS) and the automation of offices (Neumann, 1994).   It is obvious that information systems have influenced the competition by companies over the past few years; this is seen from the fact that most managers have been forces to integrate the use of software technology in their offices, production and daily running of activities. This revolution has made the finance departments to be forced to locate funds to pur chase hardware used in managing information systems, training of these system’s personnel and encouraging capacity building through funding trainings and workshops. Some of the competitive advantages gained from the use of information systems are reduction in costs that are incurred when obtaining, transmitting and saving information within a firm and between different business groups (Armoni, 2000).   Information systems fall under the group of competitive systems. This is because it involves many services all of which have a contribution to how and when decisions will be made. In addition, information systems have the competitive advantage of enabling users to collect data from the primary resource center, and then analyze it on the spot using well defined pre-set programs. The systems of information will enable users to plan ahead of their competitors and know their intentions beforehand (Rainer & Cegielski, 2011).   In addition, fieldwork analysis will help the manage rs to know the changes that occur in the market, changes in customer requirements, how the structure of the industry has changed in such issues as social, physical, and the physical forces; this would be with the use of internet searches on the news sites. Furthermore, the continuous changes in technology within and outside the company’

GRADUATE LETTER FOR ADMISSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GRADUATE LETTER FOR ADMISSION - Essay Example My interests in pursuing graduate studies had intensified during my practice as a supervisor of Hematology department in Alhada armed forces hospital in Saudi Arabia. I have realized the urgent need and demand for skilled technologists, at my work place and other laboratories in developing regions. I believe, by gaining more knowledge in Hematology and management skills, I would be of greater help in the laboratory medicine field worldwide, Saudi Arabia in particular. Besides updated skills in the early diagnosis of many blood related diseases such as anemia, leukemia etc; better management and leadership skills are very important in developing countries like Saudi Arabia. With the transition of most laboratories to acquire accreditation of the college of American Pathologists (CAP) and other regulatory agencies, the need for professional and comprehensive managerial capabilities in the developing countries are becoming crucial. This has triggered the need for more sophisticated knowledge in the updated laboratory methods, and quality control and quality assurance concepts. At my last job, I was able to adhere to the highest professional Laboratory standards, despite the fact that I was working under different working environment, tradition, and dress code. It was very interesting, challenging and great learning experience. In addition to background skills and knowledge in the medical laboratory science, my balanced personality, and open minded nature, made me successful supervisor. Some of my accomplishments include, constructing and updating hematology department’s procedure manuals, evaluation of new analyzers, organizing and passing successfully the bi annual inspection conducted by of the college of American pathologists (CAP) etc. Through my job, I have greatly improved my analytical ability and pressure management techniques. The process

Personal Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Development Plan - Essay Example An individual should critically assess if these objectives are attainable and realistic (Clarkson, 2001, p.14). Lastly, he/she should set objectives within a time frame (W. Hoeger & S. Hoeger, 2011, p.54). This paper highlights my personal resume. It also presents two to three theories discussed in class. This paper outlines Myers-Briggs test and MAPP career assessment as tools that describe my personality traits, strengths, weaknesses, and potentials. Lastly, it presents my SMART action plan and integration of theories that were discussed in class. 2.0 Brief Resume FATMA ABDULKAREEM HLWANI Personal Information Gender: Female Nationality: Arabian Date of Birth: June 6, 1986 Place of Birth: Jedah, KSA Education College: COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KAAU Bachelor degree High school: JEDDAH K.S.A. Core Competencies Computer literate Possesses the ability to interact with people in different walks of life Capacity to lead Work Experience GNP GENERAL HOSPITAL Worked as an HR staf f 3.0 Personality and Career Assessment Researchers defined personality as a persistent pattern of interpersonal processes and behaviors (Burger, 2008, p.4; Hampson, 1988). Several researchers attempted to determine aspects of personality through various tests (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2008, p.18; Frick et al., 2009, p.22). Myers-Briggs test is a widely utilized personality test in the workplace. It is used to determine the different personality styles of employees. This test utilized three polarities namely, thinking vs. feeling, extroversion vs. introversion, intuition vs. sensation. Researchers added judgement vs. perception to these polarities. Carl Jung (as cited in Cohen, 2011) contends that each polarity is mutually exclusive from one another. Thus, individuals cannot process the world through thinking and feeling at the same time. A side of the polarity dominates the other (Cohen, 2011). Individuals who scored higher in thinking compared to feeling are commonly analytical and rati onal in making decisions. In contrast, feelers rely on circumstances and subjective evaluation in decision making (Wilde, 2008, p.16). Extroverts tend to prefer the company of others while introverts thrive in solitary activities (Wagele, 2006, p.109; Jung, 2006, p.44). Meanwhile, sensors prefer to process information through the senses and tend to rely on minute details. In contrary, intuitors heavily depend on insights instead of sensory data (Saklofske & Zeidner, 1995, p.215). Lastly, judgers prefer structure, planning, and predictability, while perceivers opt for flexibility, openness, and spontaneity (Cohen, 2011). Previous researches suggest that this test is a valid and reliable measure of an individual’s personality (Stern, 2007, p.286). Validity refers to a certain test’s ability to assess what it purports to measure. Meanwhile, reliability is primarily concerned with the extent that the test offers similar results each time (Bayne, 1997). MAPP career assessme nt is utilized to determine the individual’s strengths. It has undergone extensive reliability and validity testing. A study conducted in 1997 showed that it had similar validity with Strong Interest Inventory. The occupational matches of these two tests range from 50%-90%. The second validity study indicated that the validity of MAPP career asses

Experiences of nurses working in palliative care Dissertation

Experiences of nurses working in palliative care - Dissertation Example I wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Mike for being there for me and taking time out of your busy schedule to meet up with me and giving me valuable advice and guidance, once again a massive thank you. A special thank you to my family in Cameroon, especially my mother who have been my pillar of strength, and her unending prayers for my success. To my sister Quinta and my brother Collins, thank you all for your support and encouragement and I pray and wish for better things for you both. Finally to my better half Tiga, thanks for your enduring patient and coping mechanism when I was really down and stress, thank you so much for your understanding. Abstract The aim of this critical literature review aim is to investigate the experiences of Nurses working in the field of palliative care. It will examine at length using qualitative methods and only primary research papers. The objectives inherent in this field of nursing include symptom suppression as well as psychological su pport for patients and families alike. This review will provide the reader with current literature on the identified subject. The process will involve choosing a topic, search relevant literatures pertinent to the chosen topic, gathering reading and analysing the literature. Three theme chapters will emerge from the review which will be looked into in depth. Palliative nursing is a relatively new specialization requiring greater understanding and advocacy. The Supportive care model is emphasized as a description of the objectives necessary for this specialization. The most prevalent pathology leading to the need for palliative care is cancer, but there are other chronic illnesses that also put patients in need of this form of support. Finally, nurses themselves require a proactive emotional support structure to avoid compassion fatigue and burnout. Table of Contents Title Page Acknowledgement Abstract Introduction Background Methodology Theme Chapter 1 (Challenges in palliative care ) Theme Chapter 2 (Trust in palliative care) Theme Chapter 3 (The wellbeing of palliative nurses) Discussion of Finding Limitation of study Limitations of the Literature Review Process Conclusions and Summary Implications For Practice Reference List. Appendix 1 Dissertation Proposal Appendix 2 Timetable For the review Appendix 3 A Structure for appraising Qualitative Research Matrix Table CHAPER 1 1:1 Introduction. This critical literature review will explore nurses working in palliative care and their experiences. According to the World Health Organization, 60% of the 56 million people who die somewhere in the world every year would benefit from palliative care during their final months (WHO, 2002). Among these people not all are among the elderly. There is ample evidence that a caring approach which embraces psychological, psychosocial and spiritual support is highly effective and is valued by both patients and families (Beaver et al, 2002. This review’s purpose is to provi de the reader with adequate and most current literatures on the identified subject (Cronin et al, 2008) the processes involved a literature review, identifying a topic, search relevant literature, gathering, reading and analysing the literature and writing the review (Cronin et al, 20

Turkey make people sleepy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Turkey make people sleepy - Essay Example According to my personal experience to this matter; eating a lot of turkey makes me tired and consequently, I resort to taking a nap. Mary Ann’s theory questions if the thanks giving feast sleepiness and tiredness aspect could explain this lethargy. The friend of mine - Martin, who is visiting my town for summer holidays, and who had earlier admitted to this myth had even warned us that â€Å"if you serve a lot of turkey in any party or dinner, you are definitely going to fall asleep in front of your companions†. Everyone else thinks that my reason on this matter is misplaced as it is logical that eating a lot of any meal can make one sluggish and tired, but to some extent, I think that one can be surer of getting tired after eating turkey than with other meals – even after moderate consumption of turkey. In a more professional context on this matter, the story has been reasoned out by the fact that turkey contains tryptophan and amino acid contents that tend to make people tired and sleepy. However, this has also contributed to a controversy as other animals’ products and meat contains some level of these substances as well. â€Å"This is based on a little right information, but just misapplies and misunderstood†, this is what Fiona Martinez – a professor of molecular nutrition from Minnesota University had to say. Turkey traditionally has been regarded as the main meal in the thanksgiving ceremonies. Funnily, it has been observed that after these ceremonies, people tend to get tired and sleepy. This fact has made a lot of people to actually conclude that the contents of turkey are the primary reason that leads to these conditions. Therefore, many people believe in the myth that eating turkey makes people sleepy. However, in the holiday or festive seasons where a lot of people take turkey, these seasons have also been characterize by the intake of other food substances such as lots of dessert and drinks that contain al cohol are equally usually consumed during these seasons. This has also raised more hypotheses as far as this myth is concerned. A lot of individuals have claimed that it is the dessert and the alcoholic drinks taken after consuming turkey that leads to this feeling of laziness and tiredness. Otherwise, a majority of people still believe in the myth that turkey contains a natural sedative that induces sleepiness. Part II The myth around turkey has been investigated by various scholars and researchers and they have come out with different conclusions as regards to the matter. Turkey in real sense does not make people sleepy. What scientists have concluded to be the cause of this myth is the L-tryptophan which is an essential amino acid (Hirshkowitz, Max & Patricia Pg 105). Being an essential amino acid, it means that a human body cannot produce or synthesize it. Therefore, the diet we take must supply our bodies with the essential amino acid. Amino acids are the blocks that build prot eins. One of the foods rich in tryptophan is turkey. Besides, tryptophan is also found in other animal products especially poultry. When it enters the body, it is utilized in making a vitamin B which is called niacin and is essential for ensuring smooth digestion as well as in the synthesis of serotonin. Serotonin on the other side is a brain hormone or chemical which plays a major role in the regulation

Costa Coffee Essay Example for Free

Costa Coffee Essay The remote environment comprises factors that originate beyond and usually irrespective and out of Costa Coffees control. Economic factors Since Costa Coffee is a multinational business, top-level managers must consider the economic situations on both the National (Egypt) and International levels. Currencies exchange rate (Forex) affects Costa Coffees final products prices as well as operation costs. Costa Coffee imports high quality coffee beans from rainforest farms where it pays for in local currency, and sells as coffee in another country with its local country. Hence, when the Egyptian Pound depreciates, the cost of beans relatively increases; therefore, causing a fall in profit margin and vice versa. If depreciation is too much, then Costa might increase its selling prices. Moreover, interest rate is vital for a business considering expansion as Costa Coffee. As interest rates increase, Costa Coffee’s ability and willingness to expand or open new branches decreases; due to the high cost of capital. Furthermore, the stock market plays a significant role in encouraging investors to invest in Costa Coffee due to the increasing profits and the good reputation. Finally, high economic growth rate of a country leads people to increase their consumption of Costa Coffees products; since they have more income. Social Factors Egyptians’ culture and lifestyle has dramatically changed in the last 10 years. People are more willing to go to cafes for lunch, dinner or simply a snack. Considering the Egyptian demographics of lifestyle and age groups, most of the Egyptian population falls in the youth age group. Hence, Costa Coffee plays music and offers an atmosphere that is convenient for all ages with special attention to youth. Costa Coffee respects the religion of each nation in which it operates. To clarify, Costa Coffee neither sells alcoholic drinks nor pork-containing food. In addition, Costa Coffees menu is written in both English and Arabic languages. English is the most widely spoken language, and Egypt is known as a touristic attraction. Plus, Egyptians like to come across a menu written in their own language for simplicity and showing cultural respect. Also, many people nowadays are concerned with their health; Costa Coffee is providing low-calorie food, a variety of fresh salads, sandwiches, and fresh fruit juice. Political Factors Governmental rules and regulations could affect the firms suppliers and the price of the raw materials. Imposed taxes or tariffs on the imported coffee beans add to raw materials cost. Rules regarding social insurance add to labor costs. Political instability and strikes do affect labor and consumers of Costa Coffee. Technological Factors Advanced machines affect the firms performance and efficiency through producing tasty coffee as quick as possible. High quality and speed of service affects customer satisfaction and loyalty. Costa Coffee uses highly advanced brewers and coffee makers for the best coffee cup. Besides, the use of the Internet to facilitate transactions between Costa and its suppliers lowers transaction costs and decreases lead time. As a result, stakeholders are more satisfied with increased profits and lower costs. Ecological Factors Costa Coffee uses recyclable paper bags and paper cups. And, it tries to reduce its energy consumption as steps towards a greener environment. It also ensures adherence to responsible farming practices, so that natural habitats are protected thereby reducing deforestation and carbon emissions. Furthermore, Costa is working to deliver green (LEED) certification for new stores beginning later this year and is working closely with its suppliers to develop more environmentally friendly packaging. Industry Environment Operating Environment A firm’s operating environment is related to environmental factors that directly affect the firm and its success in obtaining necessary resources. Yet, they are still factors beyond its area of control. 1. Competitors Costa coffee in Egypt faces high direct competition where around almost every corner in the cities, a coffee shop exists. Therefore, product differentiation is a must, and persistent high-quality is the way to keeping customers. Whichever Costa Coffee shop you enter, you are greeted the same, indulge in the same taste and pay what you see in the menu. Menu prices are tax inclusive which is different than most of other coffee shops. Competitors include, but are not limited to, Starbucks Coffee, Cilantro and Beano’s cafe. Creditors Costa’s past payment records and working capital position are the main attributes affecting creditors decisions. Considering the Egyptian markets, banks are not rare to find. Costa might be dealing with several banks, and may be granted loans from several areas. Hence, creditors have little leverage; since interest rates are controlled by central bank of Egypt as well. Customers Costa coffee is a service firm. Therefore, its utmost goal is customer satisfaction and loyalty to yield profits. Constantly monitoring Egypt’s demographics is essential in keeping a convenient atmosphere. For instance, Costa must always recognise what the youth are listening to these days to be able to play the optimum collection of songs in its branches while abiding by the brand’s image. Accessibility of location and parking spaces are of the main issues regarded by people when deciding on their hang-outs. And, the customer buyer behaviour of whether they prefer more salads and sandwiches rather than desserts; affects how much of each should be available at Costa’s branches. Labor Costa’s reputation and image is kept through its workers. Costa has to respect labor rights especially now that people are more aware of the rights than ever before. Also, Costa has to be selective in its waiters and baristas to keep the brand’s image and reputation. As a result of Costa’s reputation, highly-qualified workers apply for jobs at Costa Coffee. Suppliers Supplier relationships are as important as customer relationships. A good supplier relationships decreases yield time and enhances firm’s productivity. In Costa’s case, supplier power is not high as Costa has multiple suppliers, with low switching costs. However, supplier relationships are well-attended to at Costa Coffee; as part of its social responsibility towards coffee-growing countries.

Dentistry in Developing Countries

Dentistry in Developing Countries DENTURE CAMP-AN EXPERIENCE BEYOND IMAGINATION Short Title-Gundlupete Denture Camp Abstract Aim: Main aim of dental camp is awareness, education, and motivation of the common man regarding his/her dental health. This report presents the efficient way of conducting a denture camp and tackling the short comings faced during the course. Methods :When treating a vast population in camps, it calls for more number of instruments, equipments and lot of manpower in terms of doctors, dental mechanics and supporting staff. 110 patients were selected for the denture camp. They were informed to come early morning at 8a.m on the scheduled date and make necessary arrangements for their stay for one night during the camp as the most of the patients were from surrounding villages. Discussion: Dentures are no more a luxury; it has become a necessity for the edentulous patients for the basic health maintenance. Many problems were encountered during this camp. Though there were so many hurdles doctors became successful in treating the patients. Conclusion: The team had taken a brave step with all the problems and they ended successfully. In spite of all the problems faced, the dedicated team work proved fruitful in rehabilitating 132 patients in short spans 24 hrs. The efforts of team were highly appreciated by the people. Keywords: Dental Camp, Dentures, Public health. INTRODUCTION Dental Camps in India are being routinely conducted. The main objective being awareness, education, and motivation of the common man regarding his/her dental health. Dental camps usually are conducted for a large population who do not have accessibility for a sophisticated dental treatment and for the people with financial constraint. Camps can be conducted for screening or for treating the patients like extractions, restorations and/or fabrication of dentures. Screening and treatment camps held for extractions, restorations does not require a lot of equipments and man power on the other hand; fabricating a denture for the patients require a lot of equipments and instruments. When treating a vast population in camps, it calls for more number of instruments, equipments and lot of manpower in terms of doctors, dental mechanics and supporting staff. Public health work exhibits a certain number of characteristics that are different from individual practice in the same field. Most important is the fact that the public health work must be done in areas where the group responsibility is recognized. Another characteristic of public health method is its reliance upon the team work. This is due to the necessity of efficient handling of large group of people. This report presents the efficient way of conducting a denture camp and tackling the short comings faced during the course. Materials and Methods A denture camp was conducted by the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute Bangalore, at Gundlupete, Chamarajanagar distric on 9 and 10th of Feb. 2013 Gundlupete, is a small town with a population of 28157 situated 200 kms from Bangalore. The villagers are hailing mostly from poor families, with a very limited knowledge and accessibility to their basic health maintenance needs, especially dental health. For this reason this particular village was chosen by the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore to render denture services to the poor and needy patients. Indian Medical Association Gundelpet took the responsibility to provide the services, like accommodation and food for the team. An announcement of the denture camp was made in the village by a local body one month prior to the scheduled date of the camp. Audio aids like public addressing systems/microphones and visual aids like pamphlets were used for the public awareness regarding the camp [1]. Enlightening the people about the Dental health is a must in such a town, so awareness was made. People were instructed through these aids to attend the preliminary screening which was held on held on 9th Jan 2013 for which a team of doctors with required diagnostic aids were deputed from the college. It is an achievement in the history of Government Dental College and Research Institute for having screened 300 patients. Out of 300 patients, 110patients were selected for the denture camp. They were informed to come early morning at 8a.m on the scheduled date and make necessary arrangements for their stay for one night during the camp as the most of the patients were from surrounding villages. The doctors had so much o f keen interest to render the services for selected 110 patients who had come from different parts of the village. A list of all the necessary equipments, materials and instruments with their quantity was made for the fabrications for 125 dentures. Required materials and equipments were collected from the college stores. Chair-side instruments, diagnostic instruments, lab equipments were collected from the staff and students of the Government dental college and research institute. A total of 100 clamps and flasks and 115 articulators were procured. Ten micromotors were collected, of which 5 were from the department and the rest were borrowed from the other departments. Local organization was so kind enough to take the responsibility of providing two gas cylinders for the lab-work. 4 â€Å"T† attachments containing 10 burner gas connection points each were taken from the Department. The collected materials were sorted out in an orderly manner and were packed in the cartons. There were 20 cartons containing equipments and materials. These cartons were numbered and a list containing all mater ials in a particular carton was made and pasted on each of them. A copy of the same was made and kept with a particular volunteer for easy access and to avoid confusion. 3 mini buses containing a team of 55 dentists, 55 dental mechanics and five supporting staff left to Gundlupete on 8 th morning . The dentist’s team consisted of staff including the Dean cum Director, Post Graduate students of the department and the house surgeons from various other departments who volunteered to be a part of this denture camp. The dental mechanics team consisted of dental mechanics from our institution and also from various other dental colleges. After reaching the camp venue ( primary school in gundlupete) rooms were selected for the clinical work, one for the lab work and plaster work was carried out in the open ground in front of the class rooms. Plastic chairs for seating the patients, tables for the dental technicians, gas assembly, huge containers for dewaxing and acrylization were arranged on the same evening. On the 9th morning the camp started at around 8 a.m. All the patients were registered and were given a token to come in queue to avoid confusion. On the token the patients register number and all the clinical steps involved in the denture fabrication with the assigned Doctor’s and technician’s name were mentioned. Along with each mentioned clinical step, space was provided to indicate the step which has been completed for the patient. Dentist and technicians were divided into 11 groups comprising of 5 dentists and 5 technicians in each group. Primary impressions for all the patient’s were made with high fusing impression compound and subsequent wash impression with irreversible hydrocolloid were made. For the patients with poor alveolar ridges special tray were fabricated, border molding was done using putty and subsequently secondary impressions were made with Zinc oxide eugenol. All the primary impressions were numbered according to the number given to the patient. The same numbers were transferred on the casts. Record bases were fabricated using shellac base plates. Occlusal rims were fabricated on the record bases using modeling wax. Lost Occlusal vertical dimension and centric relation were recorded using a static method and shade selection was done. Teeth arrangements were done by the technicians. The try-in was done and the trial dentures were returned to the technicians for the acrylization. Then the patients were asked to come next day morning for denture insertion. Once the patients were dispersed the dentists also joined the technicians for the lab work like sealing of the trial dentures, flasking, dewaxing, acrylization, finishing and polishing procedures. The register numbers were incorporated in the dentures during the trial closure. The whole team worked till all the dentures were processed which went on day and night without taking rest, the team of doctors did not sleep at all, on such herculean line worked till rising of the sun. Deflasking, trimming, finishing and polishing of the dentures were done the following day. All the required chair side trimming was done and denture insertion was carried out. Post insertion instructions were given to the patients in groups and the written format was distributed to each of them. Most of the dentures had satisfactory retention and stability. Patients were comfortable and satisfied. One or two patients who had compromised retention in their dentures due to poor alveolar ridge were instructed to use the denture adhesives. The patients were advised to come after a week for the follow up for which a team of three dentists was deputed from the college. Some of the patients had developed soreness which was relieved and some minor occlusal corrections were carried out. Discussion In developing countries like India , majority of the population lives in villages were providing basic health facilities is a Herculean task. The worldwide prevalence of dental disease is a constant reminder of the almost universal need for effective dental health programmes. These programmes should be routinely conducted for the betterment of the patients. Conducting a successful camp, especially denture camps include assembling the manpower, finance, materials, equipments, instruments, coordination and generous mind of the team. Denture camps unlike the routine camps, require a lot of time, effort, equipments and co-ordination. Treating the edentulous poor patients in camps provides them with dentures which they cannot afford due to financial constraint. Through these camps it is possible to rehabilitate more number of poor patients in short span of time. Rehabilitating the poor edentulous patients improves their appearance, confidence, health and overall well-being. Further, the quality of treatment provided may not be of high standards as all the clinical steps cannot be done due to time constraint, but the treatment given was the stepping stone to make them know the importance of teeth hygiene and to avoid further complications. Active participation of the local organization is very important for the success of the camp. They play a key role in informing and throughing light on their souls how important the camp was to save them from further decay in life. Arranging the venue for the camp, accommodation and food for the team, should also be taken care by the local bodies for a camp to be successful. Success of the camp depends upon the support and co-ordination of the local bodies. Problems were faced as we had only 100 clamp and flasks, the denture processing steps had to be repeated. The number of patients exceeded our estimate, because of which we informed the unregistered patients to undergo the treatment next time. Conclusion Dentures are no more a luxury; it has become a necessity for the edentulous patients for the basic health maintenance. Denture fabrication in a camp requires lot of efforts, manpower, equipments, coordination and support of the local body. Many problems were encountered during this camp. Though there were many hurdles but the doctors became successful in treating the patients. The mountains may look high, but when we begin to climb and reach the top we say it is not so high. The team had taken a brave step with all the problems and they ended with a happy note. In spite of all the problems faced, the dedicated team work proved fruitful in rehabilitating 132 patients in short spans 24 hrs. The efforts of team were highly appreciated by the people.